HUMAN MIND AND CONSCIOUSNESS AT THE TIME OF DEATH

The results of a four-year international study of 2060 cardiac arrest cases across 15 hospitals concludes the following. The themes relating to the experience of death appear far broader than what has been understood so far, or what has been described as so called near-death experiences. In some cases of cardiac arrest, memories of visual awareness compatible with so called out-of-body experiences may correspond with actual events. A higher proportion of people may have vivid death experiences, but do not recall them due to the effects of brain injury or sedative drugs on memory circuits. Widely used yet scientifically imprecise terms such as near-death and out-of-body experiences may not be sufficient to describe the actual experience of death.

Recollections in relation to death, so-called out-of-body experiences (OBEs) or near-death experiences (NDEs), are an often spoken about phenomenon which have frequently been considered hallucinatory or illusory in nature; however, objective studies on these experiences are limited.

In 2008, a large-scale study involving 2060 patients from 15 hospitals in the United Kingdom, United States and Austria was launched. The AWARE (AWAreness during REsuscitation) study, sponsored by the University of Southampton in the UK, examined the broad range of mental experiences in relation to death. Researchers also tested the validity of conscious experiences using objective markers for the first time in a large study to determine whether claims of awareness compatible with out-of-body experiences correspond with real or hallucinatory events.

Results of the study have been published in the journal Resuscitation.

Dr Sam Parnia, Assistant Professor of Critical Care Medicine and Director of Resuscitation Research at The State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA, and the study's lead author, explained: "Contrary to perception, death is not a specific moment but a potentially reversible process that occurs after any severe illness or accident causes the heart, lungs and brain to cease functioning. If attempts are made to reverse this process, it is referred to as 'cardiac arrest'; however, if these attempts do not succeed it is called 'death'. In this study we wanted to go beyond the emotionally charged yet poorly defined term of NDEs to explore objectively what happens when we die."

Thirty-nine per cent of patients who survived cardiac arrest and were able to undergo structured interviews described a perception of awareness, but interestingly did not have any explicit recall of events.

"This suggests more people may have mental activity initially but then lose their memories after recovery, either due to the effects of brain injury or sedative drugs on memory recall," explained Dr Parnia, who was an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Southampton when he started the AWARE study.

Among those who reported a perception of awareness and completed further interviews, 46 per cent experienced a broad range of mental recollections in relation to death that were not compatible with the commonly used term of NDE's. These included fearful and persecutory experiences. Only 9 per cent had experiences compatible with NDEs and 2 per cent exhibited full awareness compatible with OBE's with explicit recall of 'seeing' and 'hearing' events.

One case was validated and timed using auditory stimuli during cardiac arrest. Dr Parnia concluded: "This is significant, since it has often been assumed that experiences in relation to death are likely hallucinations or illusions, occurring either before the heart stops or after the heart has been successfully restarted, but not an experience corresponding with 'real' events when the heart isn't beating. In this case, consciousness and awareness appeared to occur during a three-minute period when there was no heartbeat. This is paradoxical, since the brain typically ceases functioning within 20-30 seconds of the heart stopping and doesn't resume again until the heart has been restarted. Furthermore, the detailed recollections of visual awareness in this case were consistent with verified events.

"Thus, while it was not possible to absolutely prove the reality or meaning of patients' experiences and claims of awareness, (due to the very low incidence (2 per cent) of explicit recall of visual awareness or so called OBE's), it was impossible to disclaim them either and more work is needed in this area. Clearly, the recalled experience surrounding death now merits further genuine investigation without prejudice."

Further studies are also needed to explore whether awareness (explicit or implicit) may lead to long term adverse psychological outcomes including post-traumatic stress disorder.

Dr Jerry Nolan, Editor-in-Chief of Resuscitation, stated: "The AWARE study researchers are to be congratulated on the completion of a fascinating study that will open the door to more extensive research into what happens when we die."

INVESTING IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF 10 TO 14 YEAR OLDS YIELDS TIME BENEFITS

Age 10 to 14 years, a time when both girls and boys are constructing their own identities and are typically open to new ideas and influences, provides a unique narrow window of opportunity for parents, teachers, healthcare providers and others to facilitate transition into healthy teenage and adulthood years according to researchers from Georgetown University's Institute for Reproductive Health who note the lack worldwide of programs to help children of this age navigate passage from childhood to adulthood.

An estimated 1.2 billion adolescents live in the world today -- the largest number of adolescents in history. Half are between the ages of 10 and 14 -- years of critical transition from child to teenager. These are the years in which puberty is experienced, bringing with it physical and other changes that may be difficult for a youngster to understand, yet set the stage for future sexual and reproductive health.

Nevertheless, the opportunity to reach very young adolescents during the very years when sexual and reproductive health behaviors lasting a lifetime are being developed is frequently missed, the Institute for Reproductive Health researchers note. They report that educators, program designers, policy-makers or others typically do not view 10 to 14 year olds as a priority because the long-term benefits and value of investing in them goes unrecognized.

In "Investing in Very Young Adolescents' Sexual and Reproductive Health" published online in the peer-reviewed journal Global Public Health, in advance of print publication in issue 9:5-6, the Institute for Reproductive Health researchers advocate the investment of resources to lay foundations for future healthy relationships and positive sexual and reproductive health, identifying specific approaches to reach these very young adolescents. They say that programs to engage 10 to 14 year olds must be tailored to meet their unique developmental needs and take into account the important roles of parents and guardians and others who influence very young adolescents.

"Ten is not too young to help girls and boys understand their bodies and the changes that are occurring. Ten is not too young to begin to move them from ignorance to knowledge," said Rebecka Lundgren, MPH, senior author of the paper. "We need to reach 10 to 14 year olds, often through their parents or schools, to teach them about their bodies and support development of a healthy body image and a strong sense of self worth. We also need to hear their voices -- the voices of the under-heard and underserved. Ten is not too young." Lundgren is the director of research at the Institute for Reproductive Health.

The paper notes that preventive reproductive and sexual health services designed to suit the needs of very young adolescents are virtually non-existent in lower- and middle-income countries and that worldwide, family life education, youth centers, and youth-friendly health services with programs specifically targeted to 10 to 14 year olds rarely exist.

According to the World Health Organization and other groups, misinformation abounds about fertility (including first menstruation and ejaculation), sex, sexuality and gender identity in this age group. Very young adolescents often rely on equally uninformed peers or older siblings and the media for information.

According to Lundgren, the few existing programs for youths age 10 to 14 years typically focus on girls. "We need to expand that focus to include boys, laying a foundation for both girls and boys to learn and communicate with peers, parents, teachers and health providers as they develop positive self images and healthy practices in order to move this age group from vulnerability to empowerment."

BABIES REMEMBER NOTHING BUT A GOOD TIME

Parents who spend their time playing with and talking to their five-month-old baby may wonder whether their child remembers any of it a day later

Thanks to a new BYU study, we now know that they at least remember the good times.

The study, published in Infant Behavior and Development, shows that babies are more likely to remember something if there is a positive emotion, or affect, that accompanies it.

"People study memory in infants, they study discrimination in emotional affect, but we are the first ones to study how these emotions influence memory," said BYU psychology professor Ross Flom, lead author of the study.

Although the five-month-olds can't talk, there are a number of different ways that researchers can analyze how the babies respond to testing treatments. In this particular study, they monitored the infants' eye movements and how long they look at a test image.

The babies were set in front of a flat paneled monitor in a closed off partition and then exposed to a person on screen speaking to them with either a happy, neutral or angry voice. Immediately following the emotional exposure, they were shown a geometric shape.

To test their memory, the researchers did follow-up tests 5 minutes later and again one day later. In the follow-up test, babies were shown two side-by-side geometric shapes: a brand new one, and the original one from the study.

The researchers then were able to record how many times the baby looked from one image to the next and how long they spent looking at each image. Babies' memories didn't improve if the shape had been paired with a negative voice, but they performed significantly better at remembering shapes attached to positive voices.

"We think what happens is that the positive affect heightens the babies' attentional system and arousal," Flom said. "By heightening those systems, we heighten their ability to process and perhaps remember this geometric pattern."

This paper was co-authored with Professor Brock Kirwan as well undergraduate and masters students Rebecca B. Janis and Darren J. Garcia. It follows a string of Flom's significant research on infants' ability to understand each others' moods, the moods of dogs, monkeys, and classical music.

Maybe Time To Chuck Out The Old Sneakers And Do Your Feet A Favour

Today's post from bestshoesforwalking.com (see link below) follows on from yesterday's post about the perils of Winter for neuropathy patients and takes a comprehensive look at footwear expressly designed for people with nerve damage in their feet. Now don't expect high fashion here - there are no Jimmy Choos or Louboutins - but let's face it, tottering along the street in 5 inch heels is not for the average neuropathy patient! It may be worth taking a look at this article, if only to see what's on offer and why it may be suitable for you. If you're like me and have 5 year old sneakers that you wear day in day out because they're sooo comfortable, you may not be doing your feet any favours at all and be storing up problems for the long term. On the other hand, orthopedic shoes can be the ugliest footwear on earth but manufacturers are seeing the size of the market and adapting their styles accordingly. The list here is by no means exclusive but may give you an idea of what to look for. By the way; the article may be aimed at the diabetic foot but as we all know, it still applies to all forms of neuropathy in the feet.

Best Shoes For Diabetic Neuropathy in Man and Woman
December 10th 2016 


Walking is considered to be the entire useful exercise, to assist control blood sugar levels, that suits people of all ages. Accordingly, a diabetic person who begins to use walking as a method to control blood sugar need choose a suitable walking diabetic shoe that must meet specific criteria’s, in order to protect his diabetic foot. Below the best shoes for diabetic neuropathy in man and woman review that must be helpful or needed for your health, body and fitness. Below the recommended shoes are help to stop swelling on your feet.
Diabetic Walking Shoes:

For somebody with diabetes, walking can be very beneficial to health. In addition to reducing cholesterol and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, walking for diabetic activity also lowers blood sugar level and develops circulation to the legs and feet. Being a diabetic walker, you will require paying careful consideration to prevent foot problems such as injuries and calluses. Walk-related foot injuries tend to happen when a walker wears a shoe that is unless the incorrect type of shoe or a cheap fit for their feet. Luckily, most diabetic foot problems can be prevented by buying a pair of suitably adjusting diabetic walking shoes and paying proper care to diabetic foot care.

Tips for Purchasing Shoes with Diabetes:

* Have feet measured periodically, because feet turn over time?

* Shop later in the day, because feet swell during the day, particularly if you have heart disease or kidney problems.

* Have shoes matched with the socks you’ll be wearing with these particular shoes? That process you’ll know they will fit accurately.

* The range between your longest toe and the tip of the shoe should be ½ of your thumb’s width, so you have the benefit amount of space to fit your feet.
When you bargain a new pair of shoes, break them in before wearing them for a long period. Wear them for one-two hours, then inspect your feet for any cuts or injuries. Wear them three to four hours the next day, and so on, until they feel comfortable.
Better Shoes Delivers The Best Results:

Only a uniquely designed diabetic walking shoes can protect and not hurt your feet although walking. People with diabetes must be careful when it comes to even a mild activity such as walking, as even the inadequate pressure can lead to an injury when it comes to a sore foot.
When you are walking for a higher period with lower quality shoes, the consequences can be severe, in many cases, simply having fulfilling shoes can help amazingly ease the pressure on your feet.
WHAT IS NEUROPATHY?

Neuropathy is a collection of complications that happen when nerves of the peripheral nervous system are damaged. The condition is referred to as peripheral neuropathy. Neuropathy typically causes pain and numbness in the hands and feet. It can occur from traumatic injuries, infections, metabolic sicknesses, and exposure to toxins. One of the common critical difficulties of neuropathy is diabetes.

Of the American with diabetes, 25% increase foot problems related to the disease. This is essentially due to a condition called neuropathy. Diabetic Neuropathy is a difficulty of diabetes that affects the nerves. The most common figure of diabetic neuropathy is called external neuropathy and attacks the peripheral nerves. Peripheral tissues are the nerves that go out from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles, skin, internal organs and glands. Peripheral neuropathy impairs the proper functioning of these sensory and motor nerves.
Diabetic Neuropathy Foot Care-

Diabetic Neuropathy (diabetic nerve destruction) of the foot is a moderate complexity of diabetes. In its initial stages, diabetic neuropathy may create diabetic foot pain. As the disease advances, it may lead to loss of feeling in diabetic feet. There are many various types of neuropathy, each with different symptoms. The significant common type of neuropathy that affects diabetic feet is peripheral diabetic neuropathy.

If you have been diagnosed with peripheral diabetic neuropathy, you need to make diabetic foot care is the recent priority. As diabetic neuropathy progresses, the consequences of carelessness to the health of your feet will become frequently severe. People with diabetes with advanced diabetic neuropathy of the foot are at the significant risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers and other difficulties that can lead to amputation if left untreated.
Diabetic Neuropathy – Prevention is the Best Remedy:

Prevention is the best method now available for diabetic neuropathy. Though pain and pain can be controlled with medication and medical therapies, impairment of nerve function cannot be reversed. Favorably, once diabetic neuropathy has been detected, steps can be taken to prevent any further improvement of the disorder.

Maintaining average blood sugar levels is the most important step to take when trying to prevent and control diabetic neuropathy. Shielding your feet by using diabetic shoes and diabetic socks at the full time and making healthy lifestyle choices such as not smoking, regularly, eating a balanced diet, exercising and having healthy blood pressure are also key factors in reducing the risk of diabetic neuropathy development or advancement.



Shoes, name Shoes, Image, Shoes, Price
Drew Shoes London Women’s Therapeutic Diabetic Extra Depth Shoe Check Price
Orthofeet Women’s Comfort Diabetic Extra Depth Sandal Check Price
Dr. Comfort Carter Men’s Therapeutic Diabetic Shoe Lycra Velcro Check Price
Dr. Comfort Women’s Bonita Camel Diabetic Slippers- Check Price
Diabetic Relief Slippers Check Price
Orthofeet Chelsea Neuropathy Women’s Comfort Diabetic Shoes Check Price
Acor River Walk Diabetic Walking Shoes Men’s Women’s Black Bone Mocha Check Price
Advance Diabetic Comfort Walking Shoes Men’s Black Check Price
Women’s Extra Diabetic Wide Width Adjustable Slippers Check Price

The Value of a Proper Shoe Fit:

To avoid irritation, stress, and pressure sores, you must need shoes that fit properly. For optimal comfort, make sure your shoe matches the length and width of your foot and that it provides a fitting heel counter. Also, assure that there aren’t any obtrusive seams or stitching inside because this will make rubbing and chafing against your foot. For people with diabetes with an existing foot disease, therapeutic footwear is often prescribed by a doctor or podiatrist and provided by a qualified podiatrist.
Below the best shoes for diabetic neuropathy in man and woman review .

Drew Shoes London Women’s Therapeutic Diabetic Extra Depth Shoe-

The Drew London women’s slip-on shoes give all the comfort features of a Drew so that you can move in and walk with amazing all-day support. Double depth with two detachable insoles creates space for custom orthotics or easily some extra toe room. Drew shoes are breathable, perfect with stretch fabric vamp and greatest padding where you need it most. The shoes offer our best fit still, with a soft, fabric covering. Check Latest Price

Orthofeet Women’s Comfort Diabetic Extra Depth Sandal-

Orthofeet Sarasota Beach Women’s shoes offer anatomical arch support, non-binding comfortable fit, and maximum stability against pressure points. The Gel Orthotic insole with the ergonomic, cushioning foot soften step, enhance resistance, and help natural foot movement. The deep toe box design provides the foot to ease and spreads out naturally for added comfort. Check Latest Price

Dr. Comfort Carter Men’s Therapeutic Diabetic Shoe Lycra Velcro-

Dr. Comfort Carter style shoe for men is a device washable, double-depth diabetic shoe. Built of lightweight extent Lycra with a two-way Velcro closure for more flexibility, this shoe is designed to provide foot damages such as bunions or hammertoes, yet keeps its shape after hours of washing. Our Men’s Double Depth Set features our most popular styles improved with extra depth providing the excellent fit for people who need extra volume. Check Latest Price

Dr. Comfort Women’s Bonita Camel Diabetic Slippers-

A tight heel slipper for women, with a unique rubber outsole perfect for indoor/outdoor usage. This lightweight slipper arrives with a Dr. Comfort gel insert and has a toe box for extra protection. The microfiber upper with dual flexible goring makes it accessible to slip them on your feet. The fleece lined interior assures a snug fit, reducing the chance of abrasions. With a Scotchgard shielded outer material, the slippers are great for going outside to grab the paper or decreasing in your house. Check Latest Price

Diabetic Relief Slippers-

Therapeutic Relief Slippers are a blessing for diabetic foot difficulties, swelling and bunions! Cloud-soft, plush fleece insulation and cushiony memory foam crib feet in comfort and give shock absorption. Hook loop strap closure makes them simple to put on or take off and improve fit. High ankle cut provides you great support. Plus, non-skid protection soles and weather tight P/U nubuck upper lets you use them indoors and outdoors. Check Latest Price

Orthofeet Chelsea Neuropathy Women’s Comfort Diabetic Shoes-

Orthofeet Chelsea Women’s shoes offer anatomical arch assistance, non-binding relaxed fit, and best protection against pressure points. The Easy Slip-on design facilitates easy access to the shoe and an adjusted fit with a Velcro strap closure. The Gel orthotic-insole along by the ergonomic, cushioning sole relax step, enhance stability, and aid natural foot motion. Best Shoes for Neuropathy. The deep toe box design enables the foot to relax and spreads out naturally for continued comfort. Chelsea shoes are managed to help reduce Foot Pain, Arch Pain, Knee Pain, Heel Pain, Forefoot Pain, Metatarsal Pain, Low Back Pain, also to enhance comfort for Diabetic Feet, Arthritic Feet, Plantar Fasciitis, Sensitive Feet, Pronation, Metatarsalgia, Morton’s Neuroma, Bunions, Corns, Hammer Toes. Check Latest Price

Acor River Walk Diabetic Walking Shoes Men’s Women’s Black Bone Mocha-

Acor River Walking Shoes. River Walk shoes combine the science of walking with the comfortable style of modern design, bridging a long-standing gap within functional fit and style. The Line-of-Progression outsole imparts stability and comfort to each phase of the walking cycle. The insole method is lined with a silver technology called X-Static. This shoe has the Tandem Closure System. This system provides you the choice of usual lace-up or two methods of the hook on loop attachment. Check Latest Price

Advance Diabetic Comfort Walking Shoes Men’s Black-

The Men’s Advance Comfort Footwear last fits a medium depth fit for a wide range of feet, and particularly for the low-risk foot in need of just a little more room. Advance Support shoes come with two different insoles for a comfort of adjusting the fit. Check Latest Price

Women’s Extra Diabetic Wide Width Adjustable Slippers –

The Best Extra Wide Fit Women’s Slippers with VELCRO brand fasteners accommodate even the most swollen feet and swollen ankles in fabulous comfort. These Extra Wide Womens Bedroom or House Slippers are excellent for comfortable casual use in the home and home care settings. A great option for elderly with bunions, corns, foot edema, hammer toes, diabetes, and podiatry foot problems. The wide slipper opening features VELCRO brand fastener closures. Skid-resistant non-slip slipper soles. Memory foam insoles for the ultimate in comfort! Terrific for those with disease or lowered hand dexterity. These soft wide width slippers make the real diabetic slipper for women. Extra-roomy deep, wide width slippers for swelled feet and ankles are great for patients in hospitals, post surgery, nursing house patients residents and retirement houses. Check Latest Price

Overall, When buying for diabetic slippers, you need a pair that’s flexible and comes with a flexible closure. The adjustable closure will surely come handy as diabetic feet can eventually change in shape and size. You also need diabetic slippers whose outsoles are beefed up with extra traction; pull tabs at its heels; warm wool uppers; or sturdy construction. If you want to know more about walking shoe, so visit here now- Best shoes for walking

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