B Vitamins Alpha Lipoic Acid and other Nutrients for Neuropathy

There have been other posts on the blog (see alphabetical list on the right) about both Alpha Lipoic Acid and nutrients in general which may or may not help with neuropathy. Today's post comes from MDJunction (see link below) and is an excellent account, though without any indication of the writer's qualifications. That said, she says nothing that isn't found on most related sites on the Web (and provides more detail than most) and that may, in your opinion, be verification enough.
The general concensus from neurologists is that they support B-Vitamins and both Alpha Lipoic Acid and Acetyl-L Carnitine as supplements which may improve neuropathic problems but you should be aware that neither is cheap and in most countries, neither is covered by any sort of insurance policy. If the case is proved, it seems unfair to discriminate on the basis of who can and who can't afford a treatment but that's a whole other story!
Also, always take extra B-vitamins with advice from your doctor - it's easy to create an imbalance in your body and cause more harm than good.
If you decide to try supplements, (after consultation with your doctor) shopping around on the Net may help reduce costs.

Peripheral Neuropathy- Nutrients
Jackie
Mar 23 2011

Neuropathy: Nutrient Therapies

Although there has been virtually no research on the use of nutrient therapies for HIV-related neuropathies, there has been a fair amount of research (mostly in other countries) on their use for diabetic neuropathies. Since it appears likely that at least some of the mechanisms for the nerve damage may be similar in the two diseases (inflammation and oxidative damage to the nerves combined with B vitamin deficiencies), there is reason to believe that therapies which have proven useful for diabetics may also work for at least some people living with HIV who develop neuropathy. Many people living with HIV have reported to me that they have successfully eliminated neuropathy with some combination of the nutrient therapies discussed here. Thus, in addition to the other treatments mentioned, I would stress the importance of therapy with the B vitamins and other nutrients, especially acetyl-L-carnitine, gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-lipoic acid, magnesium, and chromium. I would definitely consider including the nutrients that have been shown to help rebuild the myelin sheath around nerves and/or improve nerve functioning such as choline, inositol, gamma linolenic acid, B6, B12, niacin, thiamine, biotin, folic acid, and magnesium.

Biotin, choline, inositol, and thiamine are B vitamins that have all been found useful in treating the peripheral and autonomic neuropathies found in diabetes and may also help with HIV-related neuropathies. In a study at the University of Athens, it was shown that regular, long-term use of biotin in diabetics was very effective both for improvement in nerve conduction and relief of pain. Improvement in nerve conduction occurred after only 4-8 weeks of therapy. In this study, biotin was given via daily intramuscular injection (10 mg/day) for 6 weeks; then 3 times per week (10 mg), intramuscularly, for 6 weeks; then 5 mg/day taken orally for up to two years. The researchers hypothesize that deficiency, inactivity, or unavailability of biotin in diabetics may result in disordered activity of the biotin-dependent enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase, leading to an accumulation of pyruvate and/or a depletion of aspartate, either of which could adversely affect nervous system metabolism. There are a number of reasons why HIV-positive persons may be deficient in biotin and, thus, potentially at risk for a similar problem. It has been suggested that those with neuropathy symptoms might try 10-15 mg/day orally, taken in conjunction with the other B vitamins found useful for improving nerve function.

B12 deficiency is a known cause of neuropathy so this vitamin, along with its coworker folic acid, should certainly be included in any program aimed at eliminating this symptom. Typical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy related to B12 deficiency include the type of leg and foot pains experienced by many. B6 deficiencies are also known to cause both carpal tunnel syndrome (with symptoms of numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and wrists) and degeneration of peripheral nerves and may be responsible for some peripheral neuropathy problems.

Choline and inositol also seem to be very important parts of the combination of vitamins needed for neuropathy resolution. Diabetic neuropathy is known to be associated with a reduction in myo-inositol levels in nerves and tissues. The decreased level of myo-inositol is believed to cause a decrease in the activity of the sodium-potassium pump and, thus, to change the sodium permeability of nerves. Both diets high in inositol and inositol supplementation have been shown to improve diabetic neuropathy. Researchers at the University of Alabama found a statistically significant improvement in nerve function in diabetics placed on a diet high in inositol. Included in the diet were high-inositol foods such as cantaloupe, peanuts, grapefruit, and whole grains. Other researchers have reported that supplementation with inositol in doses of 2-6 grams per day has resulted in improvements in neuropathy. Robert Atkins, M.D., has reported his successful use of 2-6 grams per day for reversing diabetic neuropathy, and notes that physicians at St. James Hospital in Leeds, England, have reported good results with even smaller dosages.

In addition to the use of inositol itself, treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine can help raise nerve myo-inositol content. Florida researchers have found that peripheral nerve function in diabetes is linked to nerve myo-inositol content and that acetyl-l-carnitine can raise the levels of myo-inositol in the nerves of animals with experimentally induced diabetes. It also apparently protects the nerve membranes from free-radical damage, as evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde levels in the animals treated with acetyl-l- carnitine.

Thiamine has also been seen to be useful in treating diabetic neuropathy. Stanley Mirski, M.D., has reported that a large percentage of his diabetic patients who suffer from neuropathy have achieved improvements with daily thiamine supplementation in doses of 50-100 mg. Using a fat-soluble form of thiamine such as thiamine tetrahydro-furfuryl disulfide may be preferable because of the relatively poor absorption of water-soluble forms of this vitamin. This type is contained in Cardiovascular Research's Allithiamine. A large number of HIV-positive people have reported to me their successful elimination of neuropathy with the combined use of the B vitamins discussed here. The information on acetyl-l- carnitine is too recent for much in the way of anecdotal reports to have surfaced, but it might be an important addition to improve the chances for successful elimination of neuropathy.

Alpha-lipoic acid has long been used in Europe for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy in diabetics. A number of controlled clinical trials have shown its usefulness for reducing both the pain and numbness suffered by those with diabetic neuropathy, and its use for this condition is approved in Germany. Its antioxidant properties may help protect the nerves from the inflammation and oxidative damage that HIV induces, as has been shown to be true with diabetic neuropathy. Because of its liver protective and antioxidant benefits, it has been included as a component of the programs of many of my clients for several years now. It may have contributed to the success of the neuropathy elimination programs some of them have used.

Gamma linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid found in borage oil, grape seed oil, black currant oil, and evening primrose oil that has been shown to be successful in reversing nerve damage in diabetics suffering from peripheral neuropathy. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using 480 mg of GLA daily, all the diabetics given the fatty acid experienced gradual reversal of nerve damage and improvement in the symptoms related to the peripheral neuropathy, while those on placebo gradually worsened. It is thought that GLA may help to rebuild the myelin sheath around the nerves, thus restoring proper nerve conduction.

Magnesium is also known to be necessary for nerve conduction; deficiency is known to cause peripheral neuropathy symptoms. Thus, including optimal amounts of magnesium might contribute to elimination of neuropathy. There have also been reports of chromium deficiency causing peripheral neuropathy. I learned this too recently for chromium to have been included in most of the neuropathy therapy programs used by my clients in the past and, thus, I'm not sure what it might contribute. However, chronic infection is known to deplete body stores of chromium, so adding a dose of perhaps 200-400 mcg/day to a complete nutrient protocol might be reasonable.

In addition to all the nutrient supplements, an analysis of data coming out of the Immune Enhancement Program in Portland, Oregon, appears to show that their program, which includes Chinese herbs along with acupuncture and various other therapeutic approaches, results in improvement in neuropathy for some.

If you are considering supplementation with any of the B vitamins discussed above, never forget that although B vitamins are by and large non-toxic, any individual B vitamin should always be taken along with the full B complex to prevent imbalance in the body. Long-term use of very high doses of individual B vitamins taken alone, without the rest of the B complex, can induce imbalances or deficiencies in other B vitamins.

About Alpha Lipoic Acid

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), also known as lipoic acid (or thioctic acid), is a sulfur-containing fatty acid found inside every cell of the human body. The main function of alpha-lipoic acid is to generate the energy required to keep living organisms alive and functioning. Lipoic acid plays a key role in a variety vital energy-producing reactions in the body that turn glucose (blood sugar) into energy.

Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent biological antioxidant that has been shown to slow the oxidative damage in cells, and in many cases stabilize or even reverse cell damage. Alpha-lipoic acid is so effective as an anti-oxidant because it works on both water and fat-soluble free radicals that cause oxidation and cell damage in the body. Notwithstanding its popularity, the exact mechanism responsible for the medicinal affects of alpha-lipoic acid is still not fully understood.

Some research suggests that certain nerve diseases may occur as a result of free radical damage. Since alpha-lipoic acid can reach all parts of a nerve cell it can potentially protect nerve cells against such damage. This is the rationale behind studies on the potential benefits of alpha-lipoic acid for diabetic neuropathy.

Experimental studies show that alpha-lipoic acid may exhibit a renal protective effect in individuals with diabetes. Alpha-lipoic acid increases glucose uptake in the cells and appears to reduce symptoms of diabetic complications including cataract formation, vascular damage, and polyneuropathy (nerve damage). A study published in Diabetic Medicine in 1999 showed that patients treated with 600 mg of ALA 3 times daily for 3 weeks had improvement of diabetic symptoms from polyneuropathy. In another study using 600 to 1,800 mg of ALA daily, individuals treated showed improved insulin sensitivity. Most studies supporting the use of alpha-lipoic acid to reduce symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy employed intravenous alpha-lipoic. Evidence for the use of oral lipoic acid, in connection with diabetes remains weak and contradictory.

Another group of nerve cells in diabetics, the autonomic nerves, which control the function of internal organs, may also become damaged. When this same phenomenon occurs in the heart, a condition known as cardiac autonomic neuropathy, it leads to irregularities of heart rhythm. There is some evidence that alpha-lipoic acid may be helpful for this condition.

Some in the scientific community believe that alpha-lipoic acid can actually reverse the damage in aging cells of the brain. Alpha lipoic acid has also been used both in oral and topical forms as a way for keeping skin healthy and young in appearance. There have been studies documented in medical literature indicating that supplemental ALA may even be beneficial in patients with glaucoma.

NutritionalTree.com is a great consumer resource that collects user reviews for alpha lipoic acid products.

Dosage

The common dosage of alpha-lipoic acid for complications of diabetes is 100 to 200 mg three times daily. In studies that found benefit of supplementing with alpha-lipoic acid, several weeks of treatment were often necessary for effects to develop. However, some studies have indicated as much as 600-1,800 mg per day of alpha-lipoic acid for optimal benefit in people with specific health concerns such as diabetes, liver cirrhosis and atherosclerosis.

If you are healthy and want to promote optimal health, a dose of 30 - 300 mg per day may be sufficient.

Lipoic acid appears to have no significant side effects at dosages up to 1,800 mg daily.

http://www.mdjunction.com/diary/jackies-journey-back-to-health/peripheral-neuropathy-nutrients